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How to diagnose and treat bigeminy
A healthy person does not think about the regularity and frequency of cardiac contractions. Is not constant: during physical and psychoemotional loads, it increases at rest decreases. Such changes are physiological and are provided by nature. But now we will focus on pathological changes of the heart.
One of them is bigeminy rather common type of arrhythmia. Other names — algoritmia, supraventricular extrasystoles. Consider the causes, manifestations and treatment methods of the disease.
The concept of bigeminy
From school lessons of anatomy we know that the systole is a recurrent compression of ventricles of the heart that discharges blood into the vascular system. This requires an electrical impulse. It takes the sinus node, which is a plexus of nerve cells.
So, when bigeminy each systole have beat (EX) — of late, an extraordinary contraction of the ventricles. Is not the main driver of the rhythm and other parts of the heart, normal is only a guide pulse. The prefix bi — (lat. "twice" this means that every second the contraction of the ventricles is ekstrasistoliei.
Varieties bigeminy
Arrhythmia is divided into types depending on the location of the lesion, which created a momentum.
Ventricular bigeminia is so called because of the extraordinary signal to the contraction of the heart muscle occurs in the ventricles. This is the most dangerous type of arrhythmia, if a person has organic disease of the heart. Diagnosed more than 60% of elderly people.
Supraventricular algoritmia occurs when the source excitation is localized in the Atria or in the atrioventricular (atrioventricular) node. In healthy people this type of arrhythmia is caused by toxicity, high physical and stress loads. The above-stated pathology often develops in children and adolescents.
The sinus node is located in the upper part of the atrium, but the boost can ask a cluster of cells located slightly below. This so-called atrial fibrillation. In case of unfavorable development, it can go into atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rate fibers).
The causes of the disease
Trigger arrythmia can the various organic lesions of the cardiovascular system:
- Angina, cardiosclerosis, heart attacks;
- Heart disease;
- Myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, myocardiodystrophy;
- Vegetative-vascular dystonia.
In addition, the arrhythmia canto be caused by the body's reaction to disease processes:
- Hyperthyroidism;
- Tumors of various etiology;
- Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine;
- Allergies;
- Pathology of the stomach, diaphragmatic hernia, tuberculosis;
- Chronic tonsillitis, cholecystitis, dental caries.
In addition to organic diagnosed functional algoritmia. It is the result of nervous strain, depression, abuse of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine.
The arrhythmogenic effect and some drugs: diuretics, simpatolitiki, ephedrine, aminophylline, neostigmine, glucocorticoids.
Heart disorders may also result in frequent, uncontrolled intake of any drugs.
Signs of arrhythmia
Picture of the disease consists mainly of individual sensations. The person feels strong tremors of the heart, followed by a sinking in of the chest (compensatory pause). For people with neuroses at this point, the characteristic hot flushes, lack of air, weakness, sense of fear. When possible organic arrhythmias syncope, dizziness, angina.
Diagnosis
If the doctor suspected bigeminy, the patient is assigned to an ECG. The pattern of the electrocardiogram will show a pronounced "spike" at the time of the extrasystole. FORMER from different foci give a different picture. Also the cardiologist listens to the heart with the patient lying and sitting, measures HELL.
To determine the causes of arrhythmia are assigned:
- Ultrasound of the heart muscle.
- EGD to determine the condition of the digestive tract.
- Advanced blood test for liver function tests, potassium, sodium, bilirubin, hormones.
If indicators standard ECG is not enough, the patient is administered Holter ECG monitoring. People 1-2 day walks with a small machine that continuously reads a cardiogram. All this time you want to keep a diary of your activity and record your feelings.
Treatment of arrhythmia
In functional disorders of cardiac rhythm specific therapy is not required. The cardiologist will recommend to reduce the consumption of caffeine and alcohol, stop Smoking. Sometimes you need a change of work or environment. Disappears stressor, and arrhythmia goes away.
Prohibited from uncontrolled medication. If the cause of arrhythmia are internal disease and chronic inflammatory processes, treatment directed to them.
In cases where the patient reacts to the symptoms of bigeminy, or the number of the FORMER exceeds 200 per day, or failuresarise in connection with diseases of the heart, appointed by such drugs:
- Procainamide;
- Sotalol;
- Cordarone;
- Diltiazem;
- Quinidine;
- The lidocaine.
If the FORMER number exceeds 20 thousand a day, and antiarrhythmic medications do not help, assigned to radiofrequency ablation of the heart. The bundles of fibers, feeding an extraordinary impulse, destroy a high-frequency current.
In conclusion
Prediction of functional arrhythmias is always favorable if the patient follows the instructions of the cardiologist. With regard to organic bigeminy, here much depends on the degree of myocardial damage, vascular health and age of the patient. Besides the FORMER reduce the emission of blood in the channel, dramatically reducing blood flow to vital organs. Therefore, sensing changes in the heart, it is better to go to a specialist.