Mesenteric thrombosis intestinal

Why develop a blockage of blood vascular of the intestine

Mesenteric is mesenteric bands, by which the organs are attached to the back of the abdominal wall. It is through the mesentery attached to the wall and intestines. Through it the vascular pass to the small intestine, nerves and the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Long flowing disease in many cases lead to serious circulatory problems and education in the cavity of the vascular of blood clots - blood clots of different sizes, plugging the lumen and preventing power whole sections of the walls.

Thrombosis is arterial and venous. It develops in the upper and lower mesenteric artery, the upper division is suffering from blockage of the blood clots more frequently than the lower.

Of vascular disease progressing over the years and come to its finale, when patients reach an elderly or senile patients, patients with a diagnosis of mesenteric thrombosis does not happen of young people: this condition applies to category of age-related pathologies.

The heart and the gut: what's the connection?

Thrombosis of the mesenteric vascular is directly associated with heart disease: most often this condition is observed in patients with atrial fibrillation on the background:

• cardiosclerosis;
• aneurysm of the heart;
• of endocarditis different etiology.

Recent myocardial infarction, in which there is rupture of the heart muscle, accompanied by bleeding and formation of clot at the site of injury, may also cause development of thrombosis of mesentery.

The fact that the blood clots able to "travel" through the arteries and veins of the body, breaking away from sacrborough of the site. If the clot settles somewhere in the blood vascular of mesentery and not moving with blood on, they are clogging.

The result of the vessel wall around the clot are not only deprived of necessary food provided by the circulating blood, but may die off, which often leads to dire consequences.

Other causes of thrombosis

Almost any disease in which possible internal bleeding, can cause the formation and separation of blood clots, but because there are other reasonsthe development of thrombosis of the mesenteric vascular.

These include:

• Heavy intestinal infection;
• Portal hypertension with congestion of blood in the portal vein;
• Injury;
• Tumors that compress the blood vascular of the intestine.

As the disease appears

The intensity of clinical manifestations and symptoms will depend on several factors:

• The blockage of the vessel;
• The degree of ischemia (bleeding) portion of the colon;
• Development of blood circulation around the affected area.

So, if the blockage was subjected to the upper division of the inferior mesenteric artery, fully trombicula the small intestine and the right part of Tolstoy.

Occlusion (blockage) of the middle part of the artery leads to thrombosis of ileum and cecum. The development of the pathological process in the lower segment of the inferior mesenteric artery affects the colon and the sigmoid colon.

Clinically, the disease is divided into three stages:

• Ischemia (partial exsanguination of blood vascular and subsequent restoration of blood flow);
• Heart attack (with symptoms of intoxication and changes in the tissues of the abdominal cavity);
• Peritonitis (stage of growth of intoxication, disorders of the hemodynamics and the development of inflammation of the peritoneum).

Gradual symptoms of thrombosis

Ischemia

Thrombosis of the vascular of the mesentery begins acutely:

• Paroxysmal or constant pain in the abdomen;
• Vomiting with bile in the first day from the onset of the disease;
• Diarrhea.

These symptoms are very similar to a normal food poisoning, and therefore access to a doctor is often delayed.

A heart attack

When the vascular of the mesentery, under the pressure of the blood trying to push out a clot rupture, the stage of a heart attack.

Diarrhea is replaced by constipation, because the intestinal walls begin deep pathological changes in the stool, blood appears. Usually it does not happen much: for mesenteric thrombosis excessive bleeding is not typical.

If the blood accumulates in the bowel loops, patients may be palpable small seal below the navel, which in medicine is called Mondor's symptom.

Abdominal pain is so unbearable that develops a shock: the patient is very restless, can not find a place, screaming. Marked by severe pallor and cyanosis of the lips. Sometimes 40-60 units may increase blood pressure (in thrombosis of the upper division artery).

The rupture of the vessel brings temporaryrelief to the patient: the person calms down, as the intensity of pain is markedly reduced, however, vomiting and disorders of the chair remain.

The abdomen is moderately swollen and soft, the characteristic phenomena of peritonitis (muscle protection and symptom Shchetkina) is not marked. The diagnosis of mesenteric thrombosis bowel is placed on the basis of ultrasound data and changes in the blood picture, which are expressed in a sharp increase in the number of white blood cells: this figure can reach 40•109 /l. In the data the General analysis of blood is fixed with a shift leukocyte formula to the left and high numbers ESR.

Peritonitis

The symptoms of peritonitis, thrombosis of the intestinal vascular are very peculiar: muscle tension anterior abdominal wall and the symptom Shchetkina late, and the inflammatory process starts from the bottom.

Developed paresis of the intestine will cause diarrhea and waste gases.

Treatment and prognosis

The treatment of mesenteric thrombosis can only be surgical, even if the disease is difficult to diagnose under ischemic area of the intestine wall.

Depending on the results of the survey to the patient can be offered:

• The embolectomy (removal of clot);
• Reconstructive surgery of the superior mesenteric artery with the implantation of her stump into the aorta;
• Removal of part of the intestine affected by gangrene.

Combined operation, which includes resection of the necrotised area of an intestine and plastic, significantly increases the chances of patients to life.

Unfortunately, the described vascular pathology of the intestine still has a very low survival rate of the patients even after surgical intervention in the postoperative period dies three quarters of patients.

Afterword

Patients, long suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system should be especially attentive to their health: the tendency to blood clots and the risk of separation significantly increases the risk of serious complications and threat of death from them.

The occurrence of acute abdominal pain - a reason for immediate treatment, if necessary - and urgent hospitalization with the subsequent treatment.